基于信息更新与服务水平约束的供应链订货及协调决策

Ordering and Coordination Decisions of a Supply Chain with Consumer Returns Policy Based on Demand Information Update and Service Constraint

研究由一个供应商和一个零售商及一组顾客组成的单周期供应链系统。供应商向零售商提供两次订货机会,零售商根据第一阶段的订货情况及市场信号,对需求信息进行更新预测,确定第二阶段是否需要补货。首先,通过分析顾客购买与退货决策,确定产品的最优零售价格与退货价格。其次,对零售商的订货策略进行研究,以两阶段利润之和最大化为目标函数,引入服务水平约束,确定了零售商第一阶段和第二阶段的最优订货量,并探讨了市场信号和服务水平约束对零售商最优订货策略及期望利润的影响。结果表明,当目标服务水平设定较低时,零售商的订货策略与不设定服务水平约束时的情形相同;但是无论是高目标服务水平还是低目标服务水平,若二次订货时点上的市场信号为低值时,零售商无需二次订货,而若此时点的市场信号为高值时,零售商需要进行二次订货,目标服务水平的高低将对第二次的订货量产生影响。最后,证明了基于差别定价的回购契约能够实现上述供应链系统的协调。

In this paper, a single-period supply chain composed by one supplier and one retailer as well as a group of consumers is investiguted. The retailer has two order opportunities with the second one after ob- serving a market signal. Firstly,consumers＇ buy and return policy is analyzed and then the optimal pricing and refund policies are determined. Next, the retailer＇s optimal ordering decisions are derived to maximize the retailer＇s total profit, and the optimal first-stage order quantities, optimal second-stage order quanti- ty, as well as the critical market signal are given by introducing the service constraint. Impacts Of the in- formation update and the service constraint on retailer＇s optimal order policies and on the expected profit are also discussed. The results show that, first, when the target service level is low, the retailer＇s optimal order quantities are the same with quantities without service level constraints. Second, when the observed signal is low at the time of second order, the retailer does not need a second order, no matter what the re- quired signal is high or low. When the observed signal is high, the retailer need a second one, and the re- quired service level will affect the optimal quantities of the second order. Finally, a differentiated buy-back contract is designed to coordinate the supply chain and the coordination conditions are given.