美俄的北极战略及北极国际治理的发展趋势

The U.S. and Russia's Strategies in the Arctic and the Development Trends in International Governance of the Region

美俄两国北极之争由来已久。随着北极气候变化带来的北极经济地位的上升及北极资源不断被发现,美俄均发布了各自新的北极战略,使美俄及与北极地理位置相关国家的北极之争不断升级。通过对美俄最新北极战略报告的解读,可以看出北极的国际治理模式发生了更加"排他性"的变化。"北极条约"渐行渐远,北极无望"南极化";更加强调1982年《海洋法公约》的重要;美俄作为最重要的北极国家双边合作的政治方式"先行一步",而"低度政治"领域的环境多边合作有望进一步深入。

The U.S. and Russia have been at odds with each other for a long time. Following the increased economic stature of the North Pole brought about by the weather changes in the region and the latest discovery of resources there, both the U.S. and Russia have published, one after another, their respective strategies, making the rows between them and those countries adjacent to the location on a rise. From what the newly-published reports by the U.S. and Russia have said, one can ascertain that the international governance model of the Arctic has become more exclusive. The North Pole Treaty has faded away in the distance and there exists no hope of 'South Polarization'. The North Pole Treaty attaches great importance to the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea. As the most important countries in the Arctic, the U.S. and Russia should 'take first step' in their bilateral cooperation, while multilateral cooperation in environment in 'low-intensity' areas is likely to be deepened.