极性表达的语用适切性研究及补充

Supplements to the Pragmatic Felicity Conditions for Polarity Items

Israel从量值和参与角色对极性表达的语用适切性条件进行了开创性的研究,其结论具有启发性。但是,该研究并未归纳出所有极性表达共享的适切性条件,忽略了同量极性表达的极性特征区分问题。基于概率的极性表达的适切性研究借助信息论中的自信息和概率两个概念来阐释极性表达的合法性问题,并用概率和量值构成的单调函数来区分同量极性表达的极性特征。

From the perspectives of quantity and participant roles, Israel （ 1998, 2001 ） initially proposed the pragmatic felicity conditions for polarity items and provided some enlightening findings. Meanwhile, the pragmatic felicity conditions commonly shared by all polarity items and the differentiation of scalar types with the same maximal or minimal quantity have not been mentioned in his study yet. The probability - based felicity conditions for polarity items are developed to account for the legality of polarity items in terms of self - information and probability in information theory. In addition, the monotonic functions based on quantity and probability are indispensable for the differentiation of scalar types with the same maximal or minimal quantity.