20世纪80年代以来美国少数民族高等教育发展实证分析

Empirical Analysis of Minority Higher Education in America since 1980s

美国是多民族、多种族的移民国家,美国少数民族主要包括黑人、拉美裔人、亚太裔人、印第安人/阿拉斯加土著人。美国教育统计数据显示:20世纪80年代以来,美国少数民族高等教育的发展主要是拉美裔人和亚太裔人等移民少数民族高等教育的发展。尽管黑人和印第安人/阿拉斯加土著人等美国少数民族高等教育也得到了一定发展,但无论是从入学率、学业完成率,还是从学位获得及教师队伍等方面来看,他们在高等教育领域并没有真正取得均等的竞争能力和教育机会。

America is a multi-ethnic, multi-race country of immigrants, and American minorities in- clude Black, Hispanic, Asian / Pacific Islander, American Indians/ Alaska Native. The U.S. education statistics shows that the development of minority higher education of Hispanic and Asian / Pacific Islander is the mainstream in America since 1980s. Although higher education of Black and Indian / Alaska Native develops to some extent, they do not really get equal in the aspect of enrollment rate, academic completion competitive ability and education in higher education rate and degree attainment.