汉英路径成分的词汇化形式对比——兼论汉语趋向补语的语法属性

A Contrastive Study of Lexicalization Patterns of Path Concepts Between Chinese and English — Clarification of the Grammatical Nature of Chinese Directional Complements

本文在Talmy的移动事件框架理论基础之上,对比汉英移动事件中路径成分的词汇化形式,探讨其共性和差异。汉语与英语存在一些共同的表达路径概念的语法手段,如附加语、动词和介词短语,但是汉英之间也存在一些差异。主要表现在汉语趋向补语语法属性和使用位置的复杂性上。虽然汉语趋向补语与其相应的趋向动词具有同样的形式,但是历时和共时的语言研究表明,汉语趋向补语是由用在连动结构之中第二个位置的趋向动词语法化而来,它们已失去了动词的某些特征,而逐渐语法化为附加语。它们不属于动词范畴,而应该归为小品词类的趋向副词或介词范畴。

On the theoretical basis of Talmy＇s motion events framework,this paper discusses the similarities and differences in the lexicalization patterns of Path concepts between Chinese and English. There exist three common lexicalization patterns for Path concepts between Chinese and English：satellites,verbs and prepositions,but differences also exist. The major difference lies in the complicated uses and controversial nature of directional complements in Chinese. Although Chinese directional complements have the same forms as their verbal counterparts,both diachronic and synchronic language studies show that they are grammaticalized from the directional verbs used in the second position in the Serial-Verb Construction. They lost some verbal features and are grammaticalized into directional complements. Therefore,Chinese directional complements should be classed into verb particles--adverbs or prepositions,instead of verbs.