日语自称词的切换——以日本近代文艺作品为中心

The Shifts of Japanese Autonyms——Centered on Japanese Modern Literary Works

在日语中说话人经常根据听话人的不同而选择不同的自称词。其原因主要取决于说话人自身的身份、性别、年龄、说话的场面以及与听话人的关系等方面。然而,对于同一听话人采用不同的自称词这一现象,迄今为止的研究中则很少涉及。本文以日本近代文艺作品为调查资料,对作品中的自称词进行全数调查。将自称词的切换现象分为自称词的选择(不同听话人)和自称词的交替(同一听话人),并从人际关系、说话场面、话题的内容、自称词的性质等方面揭示了自称词切换的原因。

Japanese speakers choose different autonyms when they are facing different listeners. Some factors are taken into account, such as the social status of the speaker, the age and gender of the speaker, the specific context of the conversation and the relationship between the speaker and the listener, etc. However, previous studies have rarely touched on the fact that different autonyms can be adopted by the speaker even when he/she is talking to the same listener. This paper makes a thorough examination of the autonyms in modem literary works. In this paper, the shifts of autonyms are divided into the choices of autonyms （for different listeners） and the shifts of the autonyms （for the same listener）. This paper also reveals the cause of the shifts of autonyms from following aspects： the context of the conversation, the content of the conversation, the relations between the speakers, and the qualities of the autonyms. It is the first endeavor in this field and the research methodology and conclusions can be adopted in not only autonyms research but also in anti-addressing words research. Meanwhile, this paper is also an asset in the teaching of Japanese autonyms.