不同年代玉米优良品种在新疆环境下产量潜力评价

Yield Potential Evaluation of Elite Maize Hybrids Released in Different Periods of China under the Environment of Xinjiang Autonomous Region

选取20世纪70年代后不同时期的17个重要玉米品种为试验材料,利用新疆利于玉米生长的自然环境,在不同种植密度下,对这些玉米品种的产量潜力进行评估。结果表明,我国玉米品种的产量潜力随着年代的推移表现为逐步提高,但不同年代品种的产量潜力对种植密度的反应差异明显,其中20世纪八九十年代的大部分品种在中等密度下获得最高的产量,而2000年以来大面积推广品种的耐密性明显增加,产量潜力大幅提高。这种变化显示了我国育种理念从"稀植大穗"到注重"群体产量"的转变。

Seventeen elite maize hybrids released in periods after 1970s in China were selected to evaluate their yield potential with different density treatment under the ideal environment of Xinjiang Autonomous Region. The results showed that, a continuous increasing of yield potential for maize hybrids in our country was found. At same time, interaction between yield potential and planting density showed obvious difference for hybrids released in different periods. In general, the hybrids, released in 1980s and 1990s, got their highest yield under the medial planting density, but those hybrids that were popular in the 21 st century showed good tolerance to high planting density and had the higher yield potential compared with the other hybrids. The interactions between yield potential and planting density showed the transformation of breeding strategy in China, that was from focusing on yield potential of single plant to yield potential of population.