20世纪后期黄河三角洲高效生态经济区土地利用结构变化分析

Analysis on Change of Land Use Spatial Structural Characteristics of High-Efficiency Ecological Economic Zone in Yellow River Delta in the Late 20 Century

基于1 km×1 km尺度土地利用/覆盖数据,以图像的形式直观展示了土地利用/覆盖多样化指数、土地利用程度综合指数和植被覆盖指数的空间变异规律,阐述了1980s、1995和2000年黄河三角洲高效生态经济区土地利用结构特征及动态变化。研究结果表明:1980s～2000年,耕地面积到1995年减少,到2000年又恢复到1980s的种植面积,在该过程中,耕地主要与水库坑塘养殖、城镇工矿用地和农村居民地以及未利用地相互转化;林地和草地面积变化不大;城镇工矿用地和农村居民地,到1995年大面积扩展,以后一直保持相对稳定;滩涂用地和盐碱地在3个时期间变动较大。1980s、1995和2000年土地利用/覆盖多样化指数、土地利用程度综合指数和植被覆盖指数空间分布特征基本相同,总体来说,1980s～2000年沿海的无棣县、沾化县、垦利县、东营区和莱州市土地利用变化强烈,是该区最为活跃的地区。土地利用程度综合指数与植被覆盖度指数1980s～2000年变化趋势基本相同,在垦利县和东营区沿海地带具有较强的一致性,反映了该区域土地利用开发和植被保护并重的特点。

Based on the 1km×1km scale land use/land cover data,land use/land cover diversity index,land use extent comprehensive index and vegetation cover index were applied to analyze the spatial structural characteristics and heterogeneity of land use（for the year 1980s,1995 and 2000） and its change（from 1980s to 1995;from 1995 to 2000） of high-efficiency ecological economic zone in Yellow River Delta,which were visually shown in the form of images.The results showed that from 1980s to 2000,farmland area decreased in 1995 and returned to the 1980s＇ planting area in 2000,and the mutual conversions mainly happened between farmland and the reservoir and pond aquaculture land,farmland and urban and rural residential and industrial land,farmland and unused land.The areas of forest land and grass land had a little change.The urban and rural residential and industrial land has remained relatively stable since the area extended in 1995.The areas of tidal flat and salt-affected soil strongly changed from 1980s to 2000.The spatial patterns of land use/land cover diversity indices,land use extent comprehensive indices and vegetation cover indices of 1980s,1995 and 2000 were basically similar.In general,land use changes of Wudi County,Zhanhua County,Kenli County,Dongying District and Laizhou City located at the coast of high-efficiency ecological economic zone in Yellow River Delta were strong,and these areas were the most active areas.The change trends of land use extent comprehensive indices and vegetation cover indices between 1980s and 1995,1995 and 2000 were basically the same,especially at the coastal zone of Kenli County and Dongying District,which reflected that land use development and vegetation protection in the region could be achieved together.