如何理解监管--基于比较制度分析的新视角

How to understand supervision——A new perspective on comparative institution analysis

本文以政府干预"制度可行性曲线"的比较制度分析新视角理解监管的性质,分析监管与市场、监管与法律、监管与税收补贴政策、监管与国有化间的区别与联系。基于文献综述,明确了适宜采用监管方式的三大范畴和七个方面的主要监管内容。在此基础上,分析经济体制市场化转型时期监管制度建设问题。伴随着市场化改革,市场主体从原来的"政企合一"的国营企业转变为自主经营的商业化企业。针对不同性质的管理对象,要求政府管理方式作出相应地调整,突破国营体制下的内部协调与行政审批制度,建立与市场经济相适应的监管体制。特别是要注重监管规则设计并监督企业执行,加强对垄断企业的成本、投资、价格、产品质量、市场准入的监管,规范企业行为,维护公平竞争的市场秩序。

This article gives explanation on the nature of supervision on the new perspective of comparative institution analysis of＂system feasibility curve＂ of government intervention, analyzing the differences and relations between supervision and market, supervision and law, supervision and tax subsidies policy, and supervision and nationalization. Based on literature review, we specify three categories of adopting supervision pattern and seven main aspects of supervision contents. Then, we analyze the construction of supervision system during the transition period of economic institution marketization. With marketization reform, the main players in the market transform from state - run enterprises as＂the unity of government and enterprise＂ to independent com- mercialized enterprises. As to the management objects with different nature, we suggest that the government management mode should be adjusted correspondently, it should break the relation between internal coordination and administrative approval under the state- run system, and that the government should set up a supervision system adapted to market economy. Particularly, the government should pay attention to the design of supervision rule and supervise enterprises to implement, reinforce the supervision of cost, investment, price, product quality and market access of monopoly enterprises, regulate their behaviors, and maintain market order of fair competition.