清末民初民族国家建构与汉语书面变革之关系

The Relation between the Construction of Nation-state and Written Language in Late Qing and Early Republic of China

清末民初面临东西方列强的凌辱,中国民族意识增强,开始了民族国家的构建。民族国家的构建与语言文字的关系密切,近代出现了三种民族统一语言建构模式:一是沿用文言书面语保存国粹,二是运用通俗易懂的白话甚至改用拼音文字,三是折中的观点文言白话并存。在清末民初的书面语实践中,白话书面语成为中国民族国家构建的有利工具,同时民族国家建构加速了文白消长的过程,白话最终取代文言是民族国家建构选择的必然。

In the late Qing and early republic of China, facing the insult from the powers of the east and the west, Chinese national consciousness were enhanced, and started the construction of national-state. The construction of nation-state are closely related with written language, and there were three construct models of national unified language： the first was the use of classical Chinese written language preserving the national heritage;the second was the use of user-friendly vernacular even using alphabetic writing, the third was the compromise theory of classical Chinese vernacular coexisting. In the late Qing and early republic of China, written language practiced, vernacular written language became the tool of nation-state construction .At the same time, the construction of nation-state had accelerated the process of whitten language＇ s variation, and vernacular whitten language eventually replaced the classical whitten language, that was the inevitable choiceof the construction of nation-state.