知识转移机制对企业边界变化的影响:一个分析框架

企业知识理论主要基于知识属性对知识转移的影响,进而分析企业边界的选择,但单纯分析知识属性的影响并不完全,甚至难以解释清楚为什么只在上世纪80年代后企业边界才经历"外部化"浪潮。知识转移机制作用的发挥对于企业边界的变化产生重大的影响。自上世纪80年代以来,人才的大规模流动、教育培训的发展以及信息技术的大规模应用,推动知识在社会范围内大规模、低成本转移,从而导致企业的核心竞争力发生变化,企业为了保持自身产品的市场竞争力,逐渐把一些部件生产外包,企业边界逐渐缩小。

Based on the effects of knowledge attributes on knowledge transfer, the knowledge - based theory of enterprises mainly anal- yses the choices of enterprise boundary. However, just simply analyzing the effects of knowledge attributes cannot complete- ly, even barely explain why enterprise boundary underwent externalization only after1980s. Since 1980s, mass flow of tal- ents, development of education trainings, and mass application of information technologies promote large - scaled and low - cost knowledge transfers in the social scale, which results in the changes of enterprises＇ core competency. In order to keep the market competitiveness of their products, enterprises gradually outsource the production of some components, making the enterprise boundary gradually narrowed.