水体沉积物磷控制技术

Control Technology of Phosphorus in Aquatic Sediment

水体中的磷主要来源于外源磷输入和内源磷释放,外源磷的输入已受到人们的广泛关注逐步得到控制,内源磷释放成为水体富营养化中磷的主要来源,因此研究内源磷释放控制技术具有重要意义。文章介绍了沉积物磷释放的影响因素,溶解氧,温度,pH值,微生物,盐度,扰动等因素都对沉积物磷释放有很大的影响。简要阐述了磷释放控制技术的研究进展及应用概况,包括沉积物中注入硝酸钙控制技术,HCl改性沸石和方解石复合覆盖层控制底泥磷释放,赤泥控制沉积物磷释放,水生植物控制沉积物磷释放。还介绍了沉积物磷释放控制技术的发展前景,认为在考虑处理效果的同时也应充分考虑经济效益,如利用赤泥,沸石等廉价材料。研究异位/原位联合生物修复技术控制沉积物磷也可能成为湖泊底泥污染的一个发展方向。

Phosphorus in water is mainly from exogenous phosphorus and internal phosphorus.Since input of exogenous phosphorus has aroused wide social concern and has gradually brought under control,the release of internal phosphorus is becoming the main source of eutrophication,the research of the control technology of internal phosphorus is of great significance.Influencing factors of phosphorus release in sediment including dissolved oxygen,temperature,pH value,microbial,salinity and disturbance of sediment were analyzed.Progress of the research and application of the control technology were described,including the sediments in injection Ca（NO3）2 control technology,HCl modified zeolite and calcite composite cover of sediment control phosphorus release,red mud controlling sediment phosphorus release and aquatic plants controlling sediment phosphorus release.In addition,the promising prospect of the technology was also introduced,and it was proposed that the economic benefits should be considered besides treatment effect,such as using red mud,zeolite and cheap materials.Etopic/joint in-situ bioremediation technology may also become a developing direction in reducing lake sediment pollution.