焦化废水中有机物的识别、污染特性及其在废水处理过程中的降解

Identification,property and degradation of organic compounds in coking wastewater during treatment processes

采用液-液萃取辅以硅胶、氧化铝净化的方法,并结合GC/MS分析技术,系统分析了焦化废水中有机物的组成.在焦化废水中检测到15类558种有机物.根据有机物的分子结构、废水中的含量、毒性及环境效应,筛选出焦化废水中的特征性有机污染物,以区别于其它工业废水,可作为追溯环境中污染物来源的依据.经物理、生物和化学处理后,焦化废水中大部分有机物被去除,其中,对去除率的主要贡献是生物处理阶段.为了更好地考察生物处理阶段对有机污染物的去除特征,选定酚类、多环芳烃和喹啉类物质作为研究对象,分析了3类特征性污染物在A/O2工艺各单元中的去除状况及组成变化特征.

Liquid liquid extraction combined with alumina/silica gel glass column purification was employed to separate the complicated organic contaminations in coking wastewater.Based on extensive GC/MS screening analyses,15 types of contaminants containing 558 organic compounds were identified in coking wastewater.Within a wide spectrum of organic wastewater constituents,specific compounds that might act as source indicators have been distinguished,based on the molecular structures,the concentrations,the toxicity and their environmental hazards on the natural water bodies.After the treatment of physical,biological and chemical treatment,most organic matters could be removed,and biological stage played an important role.To study the behaviors and fate of organic compounds in biological stage,phenols,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,quinoline and its homologues were selected to study their removals and variations during the A/O2 system.The results indicated that specific compounds were important for tracing the point souce of organic pollutants and protecting the security of aquatic ecosystem as well as evaluating the efficiency of treatment process.