美国促进农业出口政策机制研究

A Study of U.S.Agricultural Export Promotion Policy

本文以美国农业出口促进政策机制为研究对象,分析美国如何通过政策和制度培育了农业出口竞争力,并使美国农业在金融危机和经济衰退的大背景下仍然保持持续增长。促进农业出口是美国"国家出口计划"的重要组成部分。美国的农业出口促进政策既包括以保护农业为目标的直接补贴政策,也包括以推动贸易扩大出口为导向的自由贸易协定谈判策略。美国政府为促进农业出口实施的具体项目计划从根本上满足了农业出口商的需要,而农业贸易融资和风险保障等则为农业出口提供了有效市场化运作的保障机制。美国农业出口增长仍将延续,新兴经济体为美国农业出口提供了巨大潜在市场。稳定农业、创造就业和确保粮食安全也是美国经济复苏计划的重要内容。

The authors observe that U.S.agricultural export remains competitive and maintains sustainable growth even during the financial crisis and economic recession.They analyze the U.S.policy-making,related legislative activities and other measures for encouraging and supporting its agricultural exports.To promote agricultural exports is an important part of the'National Export Initiative.'U.S.agricultural export promotion policy mainly consists of provisions regarding agricultural protection,which is characterized by a direct subsidy policy,and free trade agreement negotiation strategies,which lead to trade promotion and export expansion.Specific government projects aiming to promote agricultural exports have well met the needs of agricultural exporters,and agricultural trade finance as well as risk management for agricultural exports have also provided effective protection for the operation of U.S.market-oriented agricultural exports.U.S.agricultural export will keep growing,and emerging economies will provide huge potential markets.As part of its economic recovery plan,the U.S.will continue to sustain agriculture,create employment and ensure food security.