本土法与外来法:美国的经验

Native Law and Reception Law:American Experience

美国法的历史经历了从无到有，从继受外来法到形成发展美国本土法 的漫长过程。这一过程是有机的、渐进的、不可任意割裂。１７世纪早期殖民地的法 制状况具有多元化与创新性相结合的特点。１８世纪殖民地大规模、全面系统地继受 英国法。独立战争至１９世纪中叶美国本土法形成。在移植外来法、形成本土法的过 程中，美国人重视法律本土资源，坚持可适用性原则。在法律移植过程中，最先被本 土化的是初级规划，次级规划则较晚被本土化。

The history of American law has a long development growing out of nothing, from derivative laws to American native laws. The process is organic, progressive and undividable. In the early 17th century, the characteristics of legality in colony is both multidimensional and creative. The colony in the 18th century has inherited and introduced British laws extensively and comprehensively. The formulation of American native laws is from Independent War to the middle of 19th century. While transplanting external laws and establishing native laws, Americans have focused on native legal resources and insisted on applicable principle. In the process of transplanting laws, the elementary programs were first localized, and the programs at the inferior level were localized later.