旅游干扰对草原旅游点植被的影响——以内蒙古希拉穆仁草原金马鞍旅游点为例

Effect of Tourism on Grassland Tourist Locations:Gold Saddle Tourist Spots of Xilamuren Grassland, Inner Mongolia

近年来,随着内蒙古希拉穆仁草原旅游区旅游设施的不断建设和旅游活动的增加,其草原环境岛屿化现象严重。为保护草原景观和当地生态环境,探索草原旅游干扰的基本特点和规律具有十分重要的意义,也可为调控旅游干扰和实施规划与管理提供重要依据和理论支撑。在诸多的旅游干扰影响因素中,游客的活动和践踏以及车辆的碾压是草原旅游点及周边旅游环境产生变化的直接影响因素,而其影响又直接反映在该立地上的植被生长、发育和演替变化上。本文采用植物样方调查法对草原旅游点周围、不同活动区周边、不同等级道路上的植物种类构成与各种植物的相对密度、植被的总盖度、草群高度、植被地上生物量以及丰富度指数等进行了调查分析,以其相关指标变化来探究旅游干扰对草原旅游点植被的影响。

There has been growth in the construction of facilities and tourism activities in the Xilamuren grassland tourist area in recent years. In order to protect this grassland landscape and the local ecological environment, it is important to explore the basic characteristics of grassland tourism and the law. Among tourism impact factors, tourist activities, trampling and damage by vehicles are the direct factors causing changes in grassland Tourist Spots and surrounding environments such as changes in vegetation growth, development and succession. This paper uses plant sample investigation methods to analyze plant species occurring in Tourist Spots, the surroundings of different activity regions and near road. We measured the relative density of different kinds of plants, coverage of vegetation, total height of the grass, biomass of vegetation and richness index. We found that tourism activities do great damage to grassland vegetation, and that intensity positively correlated with the degree of interference. The intensity of tourism interference shows distance attenuation away from the center of activity over time. The intensity of tourism activities varies across different activity regions, and road vehicles have considerable influence on the environment, followed closely by tourism activities. The layout and construction of tourism passage ways will be the primary method of protecting the grassland tourist district and ecological environment. It is useful to understand the influences of tourism interference overall, and to compare how different tourism activities influence the environment.