国外弹性城市研究述评

Review on the Resilient City Research Overseas

城市如何在重重挑战与危机中,因应各种变化,保持自身发展活力,是一个亟待解决的重要问题。本文梳理了国外弹性理论研究的4个领域,即生态弹性、工程弹性、经济弹性和社会弹性,并归纳总结了它们各自的基本概念、内涵及代表性研究学者;在此基础上,系统评述了国外相应的弹性城市研究的4个领域的内涵与研究重点,包括城市生态弹性、城市工程弹性、城市经济弹性和城市社会弹性;同时根据已有研究的发展脉络,前瞻了未来弹性城市研究3个趋势方向,即社会平等的议题如何渗入到弹性城市的理念之中,技术革新如何增强城市弹性,跨学科、多领域的介入如何共同协作建设弹性城市。鉴于中国各地区自然社会经济差异较大,不同地区的发展历史、发展阶段、社会文化背景不同,因此弹性城市理论的应用更应考虑到中国特色,使弹性理论本身更为"弹性"。

How can a city survive and keep its vitality in facing to various disasters and crises altogether is an urgent issue to deal with nowadays. In this context, the concept of resilience is increasingly getting more and more attentions worldwide. This paper firstly summarizes the four major research areas in the current studies on resil- ience, i.e. ecological, engineering, economic and social resilience, as well as their respective connotations and representative scholars. Based on this summary, the paper secondly reviews on the resilient city studies overseas from the similar four areas and their research focuses. Thirdly, the paper points out the possible future research trends in resilient city studies, which include： （1） how to promote equity in pursuit of resilience; （2） how to pro- mote resilience through applying the technique innovations; （3） how to build a resilient city through the coopera- tion and integration of different disciplines. Given the wide disparity of development process and spatial out-come in China, a Chinese oriented resilient city study is badly needed. Maybe a more resilient consideration needs to be introduced in research on resilient city.