刍议王履《华山图序》中的美学思想

A Discussion on the Aesthetic Ideas in WANG Lv's Preface to Picture of Huashan Mountain

王履的《华山图序》是一篇构思精巧的美学文献,该文精练透彻的论证了许多有关绘画艺术创作的独特见解和经验总结,具有重要的学术理论价值,它在中国美学史上占有重要的地位。在《华山图序》中王履精辟地指出,自然界的客体各具千变万化个性,绘画的"法"要与审美客体的特殊个性相适应,就不能不加以变化和"去故而就新"。即抒发自己的情意,不步入前人的后尘。"就新"一说,不仅深切地抒发了画家主体的审美情怀,而且给观者了一个崭新的艺术形象,从而达到"意溢于形"的创作目的。王履在《华山图序》反复强调"法在华山","法"就是大自然。大自然是艺术创造不竭之源,画家必须以自然为师,丰富自己的内心,再结合心中的感悟,然后才可创作出好的作品。这一现实主义创作方法,王履将其概括为:"吾师心,心师目,目师华山。"这一短短的命题,包含着丰富的美学意蕴和深刻的内涵。

WANG Lv＇ Preface to Picture of Huashan Mountain is an aesthetic literary work of ingenious design. The work thoroughly demonstrates the unique insights and summaries of experience of the art of painting, which has important academic value and holds a significant position in the Chinese history of aesthetics. In Preface to Picture of Huashan Mountain, WANG Lv pointed out that the objects in the nature have different changing personalities. The ＂law＂ of painting should be in accordance with the individuality of the aesthetic objects. The law can be changed and get rid of the old to adapt to the new, which means to express the painter＇ s feelings and emotions, instead of following the predecessor＇ s footsteps. The idea of ＂New＂ not only deeply expresses the painter＇ s aes- thetic feelings, but also presents the viewers a new artistic image, so as to achieve the creative aim of ＂meaning transcends form＂. In Preface to Picture of Huashan Mountain, WANG Lv emphasized repeatedly that ＂the law lies in Huashan＂. ＂Law＂ means the nature. Nature is the inexhaustible source of art creation. Painters must learn from nature, enrich their inner hearts, together with the perception. Only then can they create good works. This realistic creating method is summarized by WANG Lv as ＂I follow my heart, my heart follows my eyes and my eyes follow Huashan＂. This simple proposition contains rich aesthetic implication and profound connotation.