人类生殖细胞法律问题探析——从民法的视角

A Probe into the Legal Issues of Human Reproductive Cells——From the Perspective of the Civil Law

人类生殖细胞属于民法上的特殊物,属于所由分离的人所有。生殖细胞保存适用保管合同的规定,但生殖细胞的特殊性决定了生殖细胞保管合同具有特殊性,其主要表现在原则上是有偿合同、保存期限受到限制、期限届满时生殖细胞的处置受到限制、生殖细胞毁损时可以主张精神损害赔偿等方面。生殖细胞不能用于商业买卖。生殖细胞捐献适用赠与合同的规定,但有其特殊性,主要表现在捐献人资格受限制、捐献人有补偿权、捐献人有撤销权与返还请求权、捐献人不得附加条件、捐献人不负瑕疵担保责任等方面。生殖细胞的应用在保存期限、使用次数以及转用方面都有很多限制。

Human reproductive cells are special items in civil law, which belongs to those who separate them. And the regulations in safekeeping contract should be applied to reproductive cell preservation. But just because of reproductive cells distinctiveness, safekeeping contract of reproductive cells has its unique characteristics, such as： a onerous contract in principle, restriction in storage life, restricted disposal of reproductive cells when they expire, claim of compensation for mental injury when there is damage to reproductive cells, etc.. Reproductive cells can not be used in commercial business, and the regulations in gift contract should be applied to their donation, which has its unique characteristics, such as restricted qualification of the donors, donors＂ right to be compensated, donors＂ right to cancel and claim, no additional conditions for the donors, no warranty of the donors, etc.. Therefore, there are a lot of restrictions for the application of reproductive cells in the aspects of storage life, cycle time and diversion.