比较法视域下的药害事故侵权救济归责原则——以美国法为例

On Imputation Principles of Phytotoxicity Accident Tort Relief on the Comparative Law Horizon——Take American Law as the Example

为强化对受害者权益的保护,目前各国药害事故侵权救济的归责原则均经历了从过错责任原则到无过错责任原则的发展演变;但现在美国一些药品责任的判例以及侵权法重述中的相关规定,却呈现出另一发展趋势:对药品损害适用无过错责任进行适当限制,并对不同类型的药品缺陷适用不同的归责原则。基于我国制药产业发展现状,应当以此为鉴,对于药品的制造缺陷适用无过错责任原则,设计缺陷、警示缺陷适用过错责任原则。

With the reinforcement of victims rights protection, imputation principles of phytotoxicity tort relief have undergone the evolution process from ＂the principle of fault liability＂ to ＂the principle of without fault＂ in different countries. Whereas in America, it presents another development trend currently drug liability cases and relevant provisions of restatement of torts： appropriate limits to drug damage accident liability in some liability without fault in the application, and different imputation principle application to the different types of drug defects. Based on the present development situation of the pharmaceutical industry in our country, we should adopt the American law practice： to apply ＂the principle of liability without fault to drugs manufacturing defects, and apply ＂the principle of fault liability＂ to design defects and warning defects.