宁夏扶贫扬黄灌溉工程固海扩灌区水土保持监测与技术研究

Water and Soil Conservation Monitoring of Guhai Expanding Irrigation Area of Poverty Reduction Yellow River Pumping Irrigation Project in Ningxia

将宁夏扶贫扬黄灌溉工程固海扩灌区划分为5个责任分区,运用水蚀径流场和风蚀小区等方法对该区进行水土保持监测研究,结果表明:监测期间固海扩灌区累计营造水土保持林草总面积为409.5 hm2,林草成活率达87%以上,区域小气候得到了明显改善;扬沙日数减少至5.9 d,沙暴日数减少至0.5 d,相对湿度提高到47.2%,年蒸发量降低到1 835 mm,项目区水土流失面积减少了37 862.90 hm2;项目区水土保持防治均达到了2级以上防治目标,扰动土地整治率为98.2%,水土流失总治理度为90%,土壤流失控制比为1.45,拦渣率为95%,林草植被恢复率为98%,林草覆盖率为15.09%。

The Guhai Expanding Irrigation Area of Poverty Reduction Yellow River Pumping Irrigation Project in Ningxia was divided into 5 parts and water and soil conservation monitoring was made using the approaches such as water runoff and wind erosion area.The results showed that during the monitoring period altogether 409.5 hm2 of soil conservation forest and grass were afforested in Guhai Expanding Irrigation Area and the survival rate of the forest and grass was above 87% and the regional climate was improved obviously;the number of sand-blowing days were reduced to 5.9 d,the number of sandstorm days were reduced to 0.5 d,the relative humidity was upgraded to 47.2%,the annual evaporation was reduced to 1 835 mm and the soil erosion area in the project area was reduced by 37 862.90 hm2;the soil and water conservation in the project area had all accomplished the objective of the second grade,the remediation rate of disturbed land was 98.2 %,the total soil erosion control degree was 90%,the controlled ratio of soil erosion was 1.45,the slag retaining rate was 95%,the vegetation recovery rate was 98% and forest and grass coverage rate was 15.09%.