《里耶秦简》(壹)所见秦代县乡机构设置问题蠡测

On the Institutional Setting-up of Counties and Villages of Qin Dynasty in Liye Qinjian(I)

根据里耶秦简,秦朝迁陵县设有九曹,即少内、尉曹、吏曹、户曹、仓曹、库曹、司空曹、狱曹、厩。金布为少内所辖专司出纳、统计、核算的部门,田官、畜官属于都官系统,不归县廷直属。九曹之中,县丞主狱曹事,"廷主吏"主吏曹事。在秩级上划分,少内、仓、库、司空、厩为"有秩吏",尉史、户曹史、狱史为"斗食吏",唯吏曹情况不明。乡置乡部和田部,与汉初律所载律文吻合。"××守"之"守"的含义,可以确定者有"试官"、"临时代理"之义,其余义项尚有待进一步分析。

Qianling county of the Qin Dynasty set up nine Caos according to Liye Qinjian,namely Shaocao,Weicao,Licao,Hucao,Cangcao,Kucao,Sikongcao,Yucao and Jiucao.Jinbu is a department of Shaocao,which especially dealt with cashier,census and accounts,while Shaonei,Cang,Ku,Sikong,Jiu are officials of Youzhi,and Weishi,Hucaoshi and Yushi are officials of Doushi,only nothing is said about Licao.County set two offices,the Office of County and the Office of Field,which is identical with the law articles of the Law of Early Han Dynasty.The meaning of the character 'shou'(守) in the titles can be understood as exam-official and substitute ad interim.