我国城镇职工基本养老保险制度财务风险的主要来源及对策

The Resources and Countermeasures for the Financial Risks of the Urban Workers' Basic Pension Insurance System

我国城镇职工基本养老保险制度正面临经济增长速度可能放缓、转轨成本模糊化处理、人口老龄化、扩面难度越来越大、收入缩水难改、支出压力凸显、财务状况地区差异显著等因素带来的财务风险。为了应对挑战,不仅应该尽快改进基本养老保险制度设计,而且要充实中央和地方两级养老基金储备,完善基金投资管理政策,同时明确划分中央和地方的相关责任,完善专项财政转移支付机制,从而通过扶强补弱的政策保证各地城镇职工基本养老保险制度的财务可持续性。

The urban workers＇ basic pension insurance system in China is facing the finance risk that is brought by the factors such as the slowdown of economic growth, the confusedly manipulation of the costs of transition, an aging population, the increasing difficulty in extending the coverage, the shrinkage of revenue that is difficult to be reversed, the highlights of spending pres- sures, the huge differences among the financial positions about urban workers＇ basic pension insurance in every province and so on. Therefore, in order to meet this challenge, not only the design of basic pension insurance system should be improved as quickly as possible, but both central and local pension funds reserves should be enriched, the fund＇s investment manage- ment policy should be improved, and the central and local responsibilities should be divided clearly, the special financial transfer payment mechanism should be perfected, so that the financial sustainability of urban workers＇ basic pension insur- ance system in every province would be guaranteed through a policy that supports the strong and complements the weak.