黄河三角洲石油污染对湿地芦苇和碱蓬幼苗生长影响的模拟研究

Simulative Study on Effects of Petroleum Contamination on Seedling Growth of Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa in Coastal Wetland of Yellow River Delta

黄河三角洲湿地是中国最具代表性的滨海湿地之一,也是中国第二大油田——胜利油田的产油区,石油污染已成为本区湿地生态系统退化的重要因子。在温室条件下模拟研究了该区滨海湿地土壤中2种不同浓度(0.5%、2.0%)石油污染对黄河三角洲地区典型物种芦苇(Phragmites australis)和盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,随着石油浓度的增高,芦苇和盐地碱蓬株高的受抑制程度不断增强,随着时间的推移,石油污染对芦苇分蘖的抑制作用减弱,而对盐地碱蓬幼苗的分枝数抑制作用加大。随石油浓度的增加,盐地碱蓬幼苗叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量先升高后降低,丙二醛含量和过氧化物酶活力先降低后升高,过氧化氢酶活力显著降低;芦苇幼苗则对石油污染表现出相对较强的耐受性。不同石油污染条件下芦苇幼苗叶片叶绿素含量表现出先下降后升高的变化趋势。从整体上来看,石油烃类污染对盐地碱蓬幼苗的抑制作用要高于芦苇幼苗,也说明在处理石油烃类污染物中芦苇比碱蓬更具有优势。

The Yellow River Delta is a typical and representative coastal wetland in China.As the Shengli Oil Field,which is the second largest oil field in China,locates in the region,the crude oil contamination has become a key reason which causes deterioration of coastal wetland ecological system in this area.A simulative study was conducted to explain the effects of different concentration of petroleum（0.5%、2.0%） contaminated wetland soils on growth of reed（Phragmites australis）and seepweed（Suaeda salsa） seedling in the greenhouse.The soil samples without oil pollution were collected in coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta of soils in May 2010.The soil oil pollution levels was controlled by three oil concentration（0%,0.5%,2.0%） in the simulative experiment in greenhouse,four replicates for each treatment.The crude oil in experiments collected from the Shengli Oil Field production wells.The typical representative plants of reed and seepweed in coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta were cultivated in the different soil treatments,respectively.The reed was planted with root with same buds and the seepweed seed was sowed（0.5 g per pot）.During experiment period,the seedling height of both reed and seepweeed,tillering number of reed,leaf number and branch number of seepweed were recorded.The soluble protein content,Catalase activity（CAT） activities,peroxidase activity（POD） activities,malondialdehyde（MDA） content,Chlorophyll（Chl） content of seedling leaves were determined,then the ratio of chl-a/ chl-b was calculated.The results showed that,with increasing petroleum concentration,the inhibitory effects of petroleum for plant height of reed and seepweed were increased.The inhibitory effects of petroleum contamination on reed tillering number were weakened with time,while that functions on seepweed branch number were strengthened.With increasing oil concentration in soils,the soluble protein content in seedling leaves of seepweed was decline after increase,while the opposite regulars were observed for MDA content and POD activities,and the CAT activities was decreased obviously.Compared to seepweed seedling,the reed seedling appeared high oil contamination tolerance.The Chl content in reed seedling leaves shows a trend of increase after decline with time under different condition of oil contamination.In generally,the inhibitory effects of soil oil contamination for seepweed seedling were higher than that for reed seedling.It indicated that the reed was much more suitable for restoration of oil contaminated soil than seepweed.Our results suggested that both reed and seepweed with high salt-tolerance properties could be extensively applied in soil restoration of oil contamination regions in the coastal wetland of Yellow River Delta.