丽水市大气污染的时空分布特征及与气象要素的相关分析

Temporal and spatial distributions of air pollutions in Lishui and their correlation with meteorological elements

利用2007—2010年丽水市逐日大气污染物浓度数据和地面气象观测资料,对PM10、SO2、NO23种大气污染物浓度进行了时空分布特征研究,进而探讨了气象要素对大气污染的影响。结果表明:2007—2010年,丽水市主要的3种大气污染物的负荷为PM10>NO2>SO2,影响大气环境质量的污染物以PM10为主;总体来说,NO2的月均浓度基本达到《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095—1996)一级标准,冬半年(9-12月、1—2月)SO2的月均浓度仅达到二级标准,而夏半年(3—8月)月均浓度基本达到一级标准,PM10的月均浓度都达到二级标准(0.10mg/m3);在空间分布上,PM10、NO2的年均浓度都表现出东向西逐渐减少的特征,而SO2年均浓度主要体现为南向北递增的特征,3种大气污染物在空间上都表现为在东部缙云、青田等地的污染相对严重,而在西面的遂昌、龙泉等地的污染程度较轻;各种气象要素对大气污染的影响中,除了气压与3种大气污染物的浓度呈极显著正相关外,其他气象要素都表现为负相关,只是影响程度有所差异。气象要素对大气污染的影响不是单一作用的,而是通过多种气象要素相互配合、相互作用、综合反应来产生作用的。

Using daily air pollutants concentration data and meteorological elements data from 2007 to 2010, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of 3 air pollutants （PM10, SO2, NO2 ） and the influence of meteorological conditions on pollutants concentrations were analyzed. The results showed that the pollution load of 3 air pollutants from 2007 to 2010 followed the order of PM10 ,NO2 ,SO2. PM10 was the primary pollutant which mainly affected the environmental quality of air in Lishui. The monthly average concentration of NO2 attained the grade I national standards for air quality （GB 3095-1996）. Monthly average concentration of SO2 was lower in summer （from March to August） and higher in winter （September to February of next year）, it attained grade I in summer while only met grade II in winter. Monthly average concentration of PMIo conformed to the grade I of OB 3095-1996 （0. 10 mg/m3） all year around. On the spatial variation, annual PM10 and NO2 concentration gradually reduced from East to West, SO2 increased by ＂South to North＂ direction. 3 pollutants were relatively serious in East area of Lishui （such as Jinyun, Qingtian）, while slight in West area such as Suichang, Longquan. Various meteorological factors affected air pollutant concentrations. There was a significantly positive correlation between air pollutions and atmospheric pressure, and other meteorological elements were negative correlated with air pollutions in different degree. The in- fluence of meteorological elements on air pollution was not a single action but the reciprocal influence between different meteorological elements and interaction among different factors.