新疆乌苏市育龄妇女生殖健康现况调查研究

Xinjiang Wusu Reproductive Health Status of Women of Ehildbearing Age Research

目的:了解新疆乌苏市育龄妇女生殖健康现状,生殖保健知识水平和生殖保健意识,为提高育龄妇女的生殖健康水平提供理论依据。方法:采用单纯随机抽样的方法,选择乌苏市育龄妇女1000名,应用自填问卷并结合妇科各项相应检查进行调查分析。结果:(1)妇科健康情况:52.6%被调查者认为自身目前妇科健康状况一般;仅有14.0%的被调查者没有出现过白带异常、下身瘙痒等症状;而平时对生殖道进行日常护理的人仅占57.4%。(2)妇科常见病患病情况:妇科常见疾病按患病率高低排列分别为阴道炎(70.2%)、痛经(25.5%)、宫颈糜烂/乳腺增生(19.2%、19.1%)、子宫肌瘤(11.9%),各因素对痛经的影响均无统计学意义(P>0.05);各因素对阴道炎的影响均无统计学意义(P>0.05);但不同年龄段有宫颈疾病的患病情况差别有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中40～50岁年龄组患病率最大(65.3%),30岁以下年龄组患病率最低(37.6%);城市患病率(57.7%)高于农村(45.6%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);小学文化程度患病率(69.0%)高于其他各组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)求医行为:37.5%的人选择去药店买药,41.5%的人选择就医;对就医单位的选择中,75.3%的人采取就近原则选择医疗单位,9.1%的人则是通过报纸媒体广告选择相关医疗单位;选择就医单位影响因素中42.3%的人认为专家资质较重要,26.3%的人则认为有先进设备较重要。结论:乌苏市育龄妇女生殖健康水平一般,妇女患常见妇科病比率较大的为阴道炎及痛经,其次为宫颈糜烂/乳腺增生,子宫肌瘤,40～50岁、文化程度较低妇女对宫颈其他疾病的患病情况影响较大,妇女生殖保健知识较全面、自我护理较好的妇女患病率较低。乌苏市育龄妇女需要加强生殖健康宣传教育,提高自我保健意识,掌握基本的生殖保健常识,对40～50岁围绝经期妇女要加强体检力度,以降低妇女病发病率,提高妇女健康水平,改善乌苏市各年龄段的妇女生活质量为关键。

Objective： To investigate the status,the level of knowledge and the awareness about the reproductive health of women of childbearing age in Wusu,Xinjiang,so as to provide a theoretical basis for improvement of the reproductive health status of women of childbearing age.Methods： Using simple random sampling method,1000 women of childbearing age in Wusu were selected for self-ad-ministered questionnaire,then combined with the corresponding check of gynecology to make investigation and analysis.Results：（1）gy-necology health： 52.6 % of them believe that their current health status of gynecology is generally good;only 14.0 % of these respondents had no symptoms of abnormal vaginal discharge and itching in lower body;people who did routine care of the reproductive tract account-ed for only 57.4 % of the total;（2） The common gynecological diseases,according to the level of prevalence from high to low,are vagini-tis（70.2 %）,dysmenorrheal（25.5 %）,cervical erosion /hyperplasia（19.2%,19.1%）,uterine fibroids（11.9 %）;The impact of each factor on dysmenorrheal and vaginitis was not statistically significant（P0.05）.However,the prevalence of cervical disease was significantly dif-ferent among different age groups（P0.01）.The 40 to 50 age group had the highest prevalence（65.3%）,and the group of age no older than 30 has the lowest prevalence（37.6 %）.Urban prevalence rate（57.7 %） was higher than that of rural（45.6%）,with significant difference（P0.05）;The group with only primary education showed higher prevalence rate（69.0 %） than other groups,also with significant difference（P0.05）.（3） Seeking medical advice： 37.5% of people chose the drugstore to buy medicine.41.5 % ask for medical treatment,among which 75.3 % of people chose to go to the nearest medical units,9.1 % of the people chose to go to medical unit in the guidance of newspaper and media advertisement,42.3 % of the people considered that the qualification of experts is more important while 26.3 % of them considered that advanced equipments are more important.Conclusion： The status of reproductive health of women of childbear-ing age is generally good in Wusu.Women suffer higher rates of common gynecological diseases as vaginitis and dysmenorrheal,fol-lowed by cervical erosion / hyperplasia,uterine fibroids.Factors like age of 40～50 and low education level has great impact on disease prevalence.Wusu women of childbearing age need to strengthen reproductive health promotion education,40～50 year-old per-il-menopausal women have to do more thing to physical examination,so Wusu women of all age will get the maximum protection of re-productive system.