身体作为同一的认识者和被认识者——论叔本华对自在意志的探询

Body as the Knower and the Known: Schopenhauer's Strategy for Seeking the Will in Itself

叔本华将康德的“自在之物”原创性地解读为他的“意志” ,发动了西方哲学史上又一场哥白尼式的革命 :传统意义上“意志”作为一个哲学概念一直是主体性的和隶属于现象界的 ,从未有人将其尊为终极的本体 ;叔本华大胆地向这一约定俗成的语义挑战 ,将一个主体的和现象的意志擢升为客体性的和本体性的自在意志。本文展示了叔本华的意志本体论的创建方式 ,即从“身体”出发对自在意志的追询策略 。

Reading with originality Kant's “thing in itself”, Schopenhauer interpreted it as “will in itself”. This means another Corpernican revolution in the history of Western philosophy. Traditionally, “will” has been viewed as being subjective and subject to phenomenon, and never ontological. But Schopenhauer challenged the conventional concept and promoted will from the subjective and phenomenal to will in itself. This article intends to expose the methodology Schopenhauer employed in establishing his theory of will in itself, namely, a strategy to seek the will in itself with the body as a starting point, and thus contributes to understanding of his philosophy as a complete system.