湖泊流域农村水环境现状的公众意识调查

Questionnaire on public awareness of water environment situation in the rural lakes

湖泊是最重要的淡水资源之一,对社会和经济的发展起着不可估量的作用。保护和改善湖泊水环境问题已成为当前世界关注的一个焦点。公众意识是提高湖泊水资源环境管理效率和治理成功的关键因素,本文采用问卷调查对黄石市大冶湖、网湖、朱婆湖和海口湖周边的当地渔民、农民及其他居民进行了农村水环境现状公众意识调查及利益群体实地访谈。结果表明:60.6%的被访者认为湖泊水质变差了,并且不同职业身份对湖泊水质变化看法存在不一致性,这种不一致性主要表现在渔民认为湖泊水质变差的比例显著性高于其他职业身份的被访者。在湖泊水质变差原因的多选项应答中,选择工业污染的应答比例最高,为40.1%,其次是养殖业污染和生活污染,分别为24.9%和21.6%。另外,从职业身份对湖泊对应分析可以看出受访者对各自行业给湖泊造成的污染有很强的意识和认知感,这是未来改善湖泊水质、制定相关管理措施和治理污染对策的良好群众基础。

Lake is one of the most important freshwater resources played an immeasurable role on social and economic development.At present,the issue of protecting and improving the lake environment has become a world focus.Public awareness is a key factor in improving the efficiency and promoting the success of lake water resources management.To assess the awareness of public on the water environmental situation in rural lakes,we conducted a questionnaire survey combined with interviews with stakeholders who involved the local fishermen,farmers and other residents in the surrounding rural area of Daye Lake,Net Lake,Zhupo Lake and Haikou Lake in Huangshi city.The results showed that 60.6% of respondents believed that lake water quality was getting worse.And there was an inconsistent view on the lake water quality changes in the different occupational status.The inconsistency mainly manifested in that fishermen had a significant proportion of thinking lake water was worse than others.Among the multiple responses of causes that result in lake water quality deterioration,industrial pollution was the highest percentage which was 40.1%.Followed by the breeding industry pollution and domestic pollution,percentages respectively were 24.9% and 21.6%.In addition,from the correspondence factor analysis of the identity and the reasons for lake water quality deterioration,a conclusion was drawn that respondents had a strong awareness and cognition to lakes pollution caused by their respective industry,which was the advantageous mass basis in the future to improve the quality of lake water,formulate related management measures and control pollution countermeasures.