生态文明与工业文明的比较研究

On Contrasts Between Ecological Civilization and Industrial Civilization

生态文明与工业文明作为两种不同的文明形态,在发展观、自然观、价值观、技术观和消费观方面具有本质的区别。工业文明的经济发展观单纯追求经济的增长,生态文明的科学发展观坚持经济与社会、人与自然全面、协调、可持续发展;工业文明的机械论自然观割裂了人与自然之间的内在联系,把人与自然的关系对立起来,而生态文明的有机论自然观把包括人类在内的整个自然界视为不可分割的有机整体,主张人应当尊重自然,与自然和谐共处;工业文明否认自然界具有"内在价值",生态文明认为自然万物都是以自身为目的,因而都具有内在价值和天赋的生存权利;工业文明把技术视为人类用来征服、操纵和统治自然的工具,生态文明则强调技术的研发和应用在促进经济增长的同时,应维护生态系统的平衡稳定,使技术活动生态化;工业文明奉行消费主义消费观,把消费看作是刺激经济快速增长的重要手段和实现人生价值的标志,而生态文明强调消费不仅要考虑自然资源、能源的可承受能力,还要与国情国力相适应,倡导绿色消费和注重大自然精神价值的消费。但生态文明并不是对工业文明的完全否定,而是在批判地继承工业文明基础上发展起来的一种新的文明形态。

Ecological civilization and industrial civilization differ from each other in fundamental ways： each being driven forward by different forces, each keeping different views of nature, cherishing different values, wielding the force of modem technologies with different orientations, and meanwhile shaping different cultures of consumption.Industrial civilization only pursues economic growth, while ecological civilization bases the sustainable development of economy and society on the harmony; industrial civilization ignors the inner connections between human and nature, setting human against nature. Ecological civilization recognizes the connections between nature and human beings, and integrates them philosophically into a whole. In order to create the harmony and coordination between them, human beings should respect nature; industrial civilization repudiates the intrinsic value of nature, ecological civilization recognizes the intrinsic value of all self-interested elements composing the nature with rights of survival and prosperity; industrial civilization puts technologies into practice as weapons for the conquest and control of nature. Ecological civilization stresses technologies not only for economic growth, but also for environmental equilibriums and steadiness. Consumerism prevails in industrial civilization, and consumption becomes the core of economic stimulation and the token of personal achievement, while ecological civilization nourishes a much more rational culture of consumption. That is affordable to nature and the economy, and environment-friendly production. It also cherishes the spiritual value of nature. A1 implement the green principle of though ecological civilization and industrial civilization differ enormously from each other in many ways, it does not mean ecological civilization should negate the industrial civilization completely. The former is the critical inheritance and development of the latter.