肢体再生——来自有尾两栖类的认知

Limb regeneration - Lessons from the amphibians

蝾螈等有尾两栖类在其肢体任何节段被截断后,能通过准确的时空模式调节完成具有位置匹配关系的再生修复,该过程由受损肢体残端产生的芽基组织介导完成。芽基细胞的来源目前尚有争议,其产生受局部基质微环境诱导并涉及细胞表观遗传学改变,性状上呈现不完全的细胞再编程特征,增殖分化具有神经依赖性。哺乳类包括人类仅具有极为有限的肢体再生能力,其肢体再生限于指(趾)末端受损离断。深入探讨有尾两栖类等肢体再生过程的细胞分子机制,将为探索新的干细胞损伤修复途径及再生促进策略提供线索。

Amphibians can regenerate their limbs followed by amputation at any segments and are able to rebuild the position-matched limbs as before by accurate temporal-spatial regulation; this progress is mediated by the blastema which appears at the end of the stump. To date the origin of the cells forming the blastema is controversial and these cells are characterized with partial reprogramming and display nerve-dependent proliferation and differentiation property. The formation of the blastema is regulated by the changes in extracellurlar matrix （ECM） and epigenetics. Mammalians including human beings only have limited regeneration capacity restrict to the amputation territory within the nail beds of digit tips. Further researches about the cellular and molecular mechanism of amphibians regenerate their limb, will provide clues to explore new strategies the stem cells repair the impairment and enhance regeneration.