对话与大众化：关于中国马克思主义早期传播史认识的一个新视角

Dialogue and Popularization： A New Perspective of Understanding the History of Early Spread of Marxism in China

发生于20世纪初期的“问题与主义”之争既有政治色彩，也有学理之耕，且应以学理讨论为主，政治论战次之。这场争辩在很大程度上促进了马克思主义的大众化。但和传统观点将之归功于政治意识决裂而推动马克思主义大众化的观点不同，本文恰恰认为，这场争辩的学理性，及其在争辩过程中表现出来的开放、自由和包容的氛围乃是马克思主义大众化的最重要原因。这一方面说明了马克思主义学说的科学性，另一方面则表明在开放的争论中，马克思主义更容易为人所接受，更容易大众化。

While the nature of the debate over ＂problems and doctrines＂ in the early 20th century was both political and theoretical, it should be considered to be mainly academic discussions, political debates being sec- ond to academic discussions. These debates to a large extent promoted the popularization of Marxism. However, contrary to the traditional idea that these debates mean breaking up of political consciousness and in turn pro- moted the popularization of Marxism, this paper holds that the theoretical nature of these debates and the open, free and inclusive atmosphere during the debates are the most important causes for the popularization of Marx- ism. This shows the scientific nature of Marxism, and proves that Marxism could be more easily accepted and popularized through open debates.