胸部撞击伤致心肺联合损伤动物模型的建立

The animal modelling of the collision injury of chest leading to the heart-lung injury

目的建立胸部撞击伤致心肺联合损伤动物模型。方法采用水平式小型生物撞击机,以170、220、270kPa驱动压使撞击弹头对大鼠前胸部和侧胸壁分别致伤,观察不同撞击力度和位置对心肺损伤程度的影响。结果心肺损伤程度与驱动压力和撞击位置明显相关,其中以220kPa驱动压,使弹头对大鼠剑突左侧0.5cm处心尖搏动最强位置进行撞击,可造成中-重度心肺联合损伤,肺损伤简明损伤定级(AIS)评分为(4.4±0.843)分,心脏损伤AIS评分为(3.33±0.516)分,死亡率20%,且可观察到伤后2h左心室功能明显下降,左心室收缩期末压、舒张期末压均明显低于健康对照组,特别是评价左心室收缩能力的左心室内压最大上升速率下降明显,与临床中-重度胸部撞击伤较为一致。结论所建立的大鼠胸部撞击伤致心肺联合损伤动物模型,具有操作简便、物理参数可精确调整、撞击部位准确、可重复性好、病变典型等特点,适合中-小型动物的胸部创伤研究。

Objective To build the animal model of the collision injury of chest leading to the Heart-lung injury.Methods Using the mini horizontal bio-multi-function impact device to inflict damage on the prothorax and lateral chest wall of the rat with 170 kPa,220 kPa,and 270 kPa pressure driven each time,to observe the different degree of Heart-lung injury caused by different impact force and impact position.Results The degree of the Heart-lung injury related to the impact force and impact position.Guiding the bullet to impact the left xiphoid by 0.5cm of the rat where the apex-beat was the strongest with the driven force of 220 kPa,it caused moderate and server Heart-lung injury,with the AIS evaluation of the lung injury being 4.4±0.843,the AIS evaluation of the heart injury being 3.33±0.516,and the death rate reaching to 20%.Moreover,2 h after the injury,the function of the left ventricle decreased obviously,the left ventricular end-systolic pressure end-diastolic pressure were below normal,and especially the rise speed of the left intraventricular pressure which usually used to judge the LVSD（Left Ventricular Systolic Function）,declines visibly,which was in accordance with the moderate and server collision injury of chest happened in clinic practice.Conclusion The animal model of the collision injury of chest leading to the Heart-lung injury owes the following characteristics：the operation is easy,the physical parameter can be trimmed sensitively,the collision position can be set accurately,the experiment can be handled repeatedly,and the pathological change is typical,so it is suitable for the research of the thoracic trauma of medium and small-sized animal.