澳门特别行政区初三学生的睡眠质量、睡眠模式与抑郁、焦虑情绪

Sleep quality,sleep pattern and self-rated depression and anxiety among junior high school students in Macao

目的:了解澳门特别行政区初三年级学生的睡眠质量、模式与抑郁、焦虑情绪的关系。方法:抽取澳门535名初中三年级学生,用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评估睡眠质量,爱泼沃斯思睡量表(ESS)以及清晨型和夜晚型量表(MEQ)调查白天思睡与睡眠模式,用贝克抑郁量表(BDI)、状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)调查抑郁、焦虑状况。结果:PSQI和ESS得分分别为(5.2±2.6)和(8.4±4.7),女生PSQI[(5.5±2.5)vs.(4.8±2.6)]和ESS[(8.9±4.6)vs.(8.0±4.8)]得分高于男生(均P<0.05)。MEQ平均得分(13.3±3.1),女生得分低于男生[(12.8±3.0)vs.(13.7±3.2),P<0.01]。学生周末和假日的总睡眠时间长于平日总睡眠时间[(608±106)min,(605±109)min vs.(457±75)min],女生周末[(628±110)min vs.(590±97)min]和假期[(631±109)min vs.(581±103)min]平均睡眠时间长于男生(均P<0.01)。BDI和STAI得分分别为(13.5±10.3)、(78.9±17)。睡眠质量差和白天思睡者MEQ得分、上学日睡眠时间低于睡眠质量好和无白天思睡者MEQ得分,而睡眠质量差和白天思睡者BDI得分高于睡眠质量好和无白天思睡者BDI得分(均P<0.05)。PSQI分别与ESS、BDI,以及STAI中的TAI分呈正相关(r=0.27、0.37、0.12,均P<0.05),而与M EQ和上学日总睡眠时间呈负相关(r=-0.30、-0.30,均P<0.05)。结论:睡眠质量差和白天思睡在澳门初三学生中较为普遍,他们在上学日的平均睡眠时间不足,但在周末和假日则延长睡眠时间以作补充,其中女生更易出现上述睡眠模式。大部分学生有轻度抑郁,睡眠质量差可能与其抑郁、焦虑状况相关。

Objective： To explore the sleep quality, sleep model and self-rated depression, anxiety among jun- ior high school students in Macao Administrative Region. Methods： Totally 535 Form 3 students of junior high school in Macao was chosen. Their sleep quality was evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI）, the presence of sleepiness in the morning was evaluated with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale （ESS）, and the pattern of sleep was evaluated with the Morningness and Eveningness Questionnaire （MEQ）. Their depression and anxiety symptoms were evaluated with the Beck Depression Scale （BDI） and State-trait Anxiety Scale （STAI）. Results： The PSQI and ESS average scores were （5.2 ±2. 6） and （8.4 ±4. 7） respectively. The females PSQl [（5.5±2. 5） vs. （4. 8 ±2. 6）] and ESS [（8.9 ±4. 6） vs. （8.0 ±4. 8）] scores were higher than that of males. The MEQ average score was （13.3 ± 3.1）, and the females MEQ score was lower than that of males [ （12. 8 ± 3.0） vs. （13.7 ± 3.2）, P 〈0.01] . The average total sleep time per day in weekend and holiday were longer than in weekday [（608 ± 106） min, （605 ± 109） min vs. （457 ±75） mini. The female＇s sleep time in weekend [（628 ± 110） min vs. （590± 97） mini and holiday [ （631 ±109） min vs. （581 ± 103） min] were longer than that of males （Ps 〈 0. 01 ）. The BDI and STAI average scores were （ 13.5 ± 10. 3） and （78.9 ± 17）. The MEQ score and total sleep time of poor night sleeper with daytime sleepiness were lower than good night sleeper withOut daytime sleepiness, while poor night sleeper with daytime sleepiness had higher BDI score than good night sleeper without daytime sleepiness （Ps 〈 0. 05）. The PSQI scores were positively correlated with the scores of ESS, BDI, and TAI of STAI （ r = 0. 27, 0. 37, 0. 12; Ps 〈 0. 05） and negatively correlated with MEQ scores and average total sleep time of weekday （ r = - 0. 30, - 0. 30; Ps 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： It suggests that the sleep quality of Form 3 students in Macao may be poorer universally, they usually appear daytime sleepiness in weekday. The females may have poorer sleep quality and day- time sleepiness condition. Most students have mild depression and anxiety symptoms, which may be related to their poorer sleep quality.