儿童家长对注意缺陷多动障碍的知晓率与治疗态度

A cross-sectional study of awareness of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in parents

目的:了解儿童家长对注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的知晓率和治疗态度,为制定ADHD的健康教育和社区干预策略提供依据。方法:抽取6～13岁小学生的家长867名,采用自编儿童注意缺陷多动障碍知晓率调查问卷完成调查,问卷内容围绕一个ADHD典型案例的描述设置15个问题,了解家长对ADHD案例的识别能力、发展趋势与影响程度估计及治疗态度。结果:家长对ADHD的识别率为36.9%;全体家长中,有60.7%的家长认为ADHD对儿童健康造成明显影响,有53.6%的家长认为不需要看医生,61.0%的家长不赞同药物治疗。男性儿童的家长对ADHD的识别率(46.6%vs.58.2%)和认为需要看医生的比例(40.3%vs.50.6%)均低于女性儿童的家长(均P<0.05);父亲对ADHD的识别率(44.7%vs.56.2%,61.4%)和影响估计(55.2%vs.65.9%,61.9%)低于母亲或其他长辈(均P<0.05),而母亲对药物治疗的接受性低于父亲或其他长辈(33.0%vs.42.3%,50.0%;P<0.05)。受教育程度为高中的家长对ADHD的识别率高于初中及以下或大学及以上程度的家长(60.4%vs.48.1%,49.6%;P<0.05)。结论:小学生家长对ADHD有关问题的认识还有很多误解或不足,不同家长对ADHD的知晓率和治疗态度也存在差异,有必要开展针对性的ADHD相关知识的健康教育。

Objective： To understand the status of parents awareness of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder （ADHD）, in order to instruct mental health education and community intervention strategies about ADHD. Methods： A total of 867 parents of 6 - 13 years old primary school students in Hangzhou City was selected and investigated with a self-made questionnaire, in which 15 questions about ADHD and its treatment was asked based on description of a typical case of ADHD, to know about their awareness and attitude about ADHD. Results： In all the parents, 36. 9% was aware of ADHD, 60. 7% felt ADHD would profoundly affect the health and life qual- ity of children, 53.6% denied the need to take their children to see a doctor, and 61.0% didn＇t, P 〈0. 05 accept drug treatment for ADHD. Parents of boys showed lower recognition rate of ADHD （46. 6% vs. 58.2%, P 〈 0. 05） and less likely to see a doctor than parents of girls （40. 3% vs. 50. 6%, P 〈 0. 05）. Fathers had lower recognition rate （44. 7% vs. 56. 2%, 61.4% ; P 〈0. 05） and less impact evaluation （55.2% vs. 65.9%, vs. 61.9% ; P 〈0. 05） of ADHD than mothers or other elder relatives. Mothers had lower acceptance with drug treatment for ADHD than fathers or other elder relatives （33.0% vs. 42. 3%, 50. 0% ; P 〈 0. 05）. The recognition rate was higher in parents with senior high school education than parents with junior high school or less education and parents with higher edu- cation（60. 4% vs. 48. 1%, 49.6% ; P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusion： It suggests that the state of awareness and treatment atti- tude to ADHD of children＇s parents is unsatisfactory. It is necessary to provide targeted education related to ADHD.