大学生应激水平与抑郁症状:“最弱连接”因素的调节作用

Stress level and depression symptoms in Chinese college students:Moderator effects of weakest link

目的:探讨抑郁的最弱连接因素在大学生应激水平与抑郁症状变化中的调节作用。方法:选取长沙市2所高校大学生520人,进行包括首次取样在内总共6次追踪研究。首次测试采用流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)、认知方式问卷(CSQ)、学生日常生活和学业应激量表(SHS)。追踪测查采用CES-D和SHS。根据最弱连接假说,借助CSQ来确定个体认知易感性的"最弱连接水平"。结果:按照Abela等的最弱连接筛选标准,共检出最弱连接抑郁认知易感者60人(男性24人,女性36人),检出率11.1%。在对高校大学生抑郁症状的预测中,首次测查CES-D得分(β=3.72,P<0.001)、最弱连接(β=0.95,P<0.001)、性别(β=-1.22,P<0.01)、最弱连接与应激水平的交互作用(β=0.03,P<0.001)对抑郁得分的变化均有主效应。结论:最弱连接水平可能在应激水平及抑郁水平关系中起到调节作用。

Objective： To examine the moderating roles of weakest link between the stress level and depression symptoms and to test the cross-cultural applicability of the weakest link hypothesis theory of depression in a large size of samples of college students in China. Methods： Totally 520 students from two universities in Changsha participated in the longitudinal study for half a year, with an interval of 1 month. All participants finished the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale （CESD）, Cognitive Style Questionnaire （CSQ）, General Social and Academic Hassles Scale （SHS） at Time 1, and questionnaires assessing depression symptoms as well as stress level at each follow-up. Hierarchical lineal modeling （HLM） was used in data analysis. Results： Based on the Abela wea- kest link screening criteria, 60 students （24 males, 36 females） had been screened for high-risk of cognitive vulnera- bility to depression, the detection rate of 11.1%. In the prediction of depressive symptom in the college students sample, both the main effect of depression symptoms （β = 3.72, P 〈 0. 001 ）, weakest link （β = 0. 95, P 〈 0. 001 ）, gender （β= - 1.22, P 〈 0.01） and the weakest link stress level interaction ort students＇depression symptoms （β = 0. 03, P 〈 0. 001） were significant. Conclusions： It suggests that in line with a weakest link of cognitive vulnera- bility to depression-stress framework in Chinese university samples, the association between the stress level and in- creases in depressive symptoms over time may be moderated by weakest link level.