光纤传感技术——未来地震监测的发展方向

Optical Fiber Sensory Technology:Future Direction for Earthquake Precursor Monitoring

利用光纤传感器进行地震前兆观测是一种独具优势的地震监测新手段。光纤传感器具有高精度、抗电磁干扰、不存在零漂、易于组网以及适于长距离传输等一系列独特优势,可以解决地震前兆观测中电学测量仪器存在的固有问题。介绍了几类常用光纤传感器的工作原理及特点,综述了光纤传感器在地壳形变观测和地震波探测两个应用领域国内外的研究进展,并指出了目前需要解决的问题。研制了一套基于光纤传感器的钻孔应变、地震波和地温同时测量的多参量钻孔综合地震观测设备,现场实验表明,该光纤综合钻孔地震观测设备适应地震前兆观测中对抗环境干扰能力、测量精度、稳定性等方面的性能要求,具有较好的应用前景。

Optical fiber sensor is a novel method for earthquake precursor monitoring with many advantages,such as high-precision,anti-electromagnetic interference,no zero drift,the simplicity of establishing network and the flexibility of implementing long distance transmission.Optical fiber sensor can solve the intrinsic defect of electrical measuring instrument for detecting earthquake precursor.The sensing principle and characteristics of several kind of common optical fiber sensor is introduced.The research progress of optical fiber sensor in the applications of the crustal deformation observation and seismic wave detection is summarized.And the existing problems need to be solved is proposed.We developed a set of comprehensive drilling earthquake observation equipment based on optical fiber sensor,which can detect crustal deformation,seismic wave and earth temperature.Field experiments show that the optical fiber comprehensive drilling earthquake observation equipment adapts to the performance requirements of resistance to environmental interference ability,measurement accuracy,stability and so on,and have good application prospects.