养老保险覆盖面扩大:现状、挑战及政策选择

Pension Coverage Expansion:Current Situation,Challenges and Policy Selection

扩大覆盖面是当前养老保险改革的重点任务,本文在已有研究成果的基础上,对我国城乡养老保险的参保率进行了测算,分析了当前养老保险覆盖面存在的主要问题,并从制度碎片化、劳动成本效应、财务可持续性、收入差距以及逆向选择五个方面分析养老保险扩面所面临的挑战。最后根据国外发达国家的经验,设计了未来养老保险改革目标与实现路径,并提出近期能够实施的可行措施。

Expanding pension coverage is the primary task for the social security reform in China. Based on existing researches, this article calculated the participation rate of pension insurance in China and analyzed existing problems regarding the coverage of the social pension system. The paper elaborated on five major challenges that we might confront in expanding pension coverage, namely, system fragmentation, rising labor cost, financial sustainability, income gap and adverse selection. Finally, the article proposed the reform targets, how to achieve these target sand feasible near-term measures according to other country＇s experiences.