中国主要沼泽草炭土的形成环境及分布特征

Formation Environment and Distribution Characteristics of Main Swamp Turfy Soil in China

沼泽草炭土作为一种特殊的腐殖质土,其形成是多种地理因素共同作用的结果。通过对我国主要沼泽草炭土地区地形地貌、气候、水文地质和植被条件等形成环境的对比研究发现,这些地区有着共同的生成环境特征:地形平缓,多宽谷地貌和微地貌,气候湿润,水源充足,'隔板'效应显著,共同形成了积水潮湿环境;一方面使沼泽植被生长茂盛,另一方面低温环境使微生物活性受到不同程度抑制,植物残体分解能力下降,最终使沼泽草炭土不断堆积和发育并呈规模分布。

Swamp turfy soil is a special kind of humus soil,and their formation is the result of a variety of geographical factors＇ acting.With the comparative study of landform,climate,hydrology and vegetation conditions of the formation of the environment in the main swamp turfy soil areas,it is found that these areas have common generating environment characteristics： flat terrain,more gully landforms and microtopography,humid climate,sufficient water source,significant ＇diaphragm＇ effect,which together form hydrops moist environment.On the one hand it flourishes the swamp vegetation,on the other hand it inhabits the microbial activity to a great extent to decrease the decomposition of the plant residues in this low temperature environment,and finally it makes the turfy soil accumulated,developed and distributed increasingly.