波密县天麻品质的测定与分析

Determination and analysis of Gastrodia elata quality in Bomi County

为给筛选最优天麻品种的最佳采摘时间提供参考依据,以冬季采摘的西藏自治区波密县产的冬野生种、栽培种和外地种天麻(以下分别简称为"冬野天麻"、"栽培天麻"和"外地天麻")新鲜样品和冬野生种、冬栽培种、夏野生种天麻的干燥样品为试材,采用高效液相色谱法、水提醇沉方法与Savage法,对其天麻素和多糖含量进行了测定与比较分析。结果表明:就新鲜天麻样品中的天麻素含量而言,冬野天麻的含量(0.076%)高于栽培天麻(0.045%)和外地天麻(0.025%);就天麻多糖提取率而言,在新鲜样品中,冬野天麻的含量(0.80%)高于栽培天麻(0.65%)和外地天麻(0.19%);在干燥样品中,栽培天麻的多糖含量(6.24%)高于冬野天麻(2.18%)和外地天麻(1.46%)。实验结果表明:天麻的品质质量,波密县产的野生天麻优于当地人工栽培和外地产天麻;天麻的采摘时间,冬季优于夏季。

In order to provide reference for select the best cultivar of Gastrodia elata and optimal picking time,the contents of gastrodin and polysaccharose were determined and compared by using HPLC,decoction and alcohol sedimentation,and Savage method,taking fresh samples（from winter-wild G.elata,winter-cultivated G.elata and nonlocal G.elata） and dried samples（from winter-wild G.elata,winter-cultivated G.elata and summer-wild G.elata）.The results show that in the fresh samples,the contents of gastrodin（0.076%） and polysaccharose（0.80%） in winter-wild G.elata are higher than those in winter-cultivated G.elata（0.045%,0.65%） and nonlocal G.elata（0.025%,0.19%）.In the dried samples,the content of polysaccharose in winter-cultivated G.elata（6.24%） is higher than that in winter-wild G.elata（2.18%） and nonlocal G.elata（1.46%）.So the quality of winter-wild G.elata in Bomi is better than that of winter-cultivated G.elata and nonlocal G.elata,and in terms of picking time of G.elata,winter is better than summer.