南京市社区预防出生缺陷健康教育的效果评价

The effect of health education on preventing birth defects in a community of Nanjing City

目的评价南京市鼓楼区预防出生缺陷健康教育的效果,为以社区为基础的出生缺陷一级预防提供科学依据。方法选择2008年3月～2009年7月在南京市鼓楼区建围产期保健小卡的孕妇作为调查对象并进行出生缺陷相关知识宣传教育,采用问卷调查早孕人群干预前后出生缺陷知识、态度和行为的变化,分析其影响因素。结果干预后早孕人群对预防出生缺陷相关知识的总得分(34.43±3.10)高于干预前(29.56±4.77)(t=58.50,P<0.001)。干预后21道题目回答正确率均高于干预前,其中仅1道题干预前后正确率的差异无统计学意义(P=0.458)。年龄、文化程度、职业和家庭人均月收入对干预效果都有明显的影响(均有P<0.05)。年龄大者比年龄小者,本科及以上文化程度比初中及以下者,医护人员比工人,家庭人均月收入1 001～元、2 001～元、3 001～元、4 001～元、≥5 001元比≤1 000元者对知识的掌握明显增多。结论利用健康教育的模式对早孕人群进行干预,能提高其预防出生缺陷的能力。应对文化程度偏低、家庭收入较少的育龄妇女进行预防出生缺陷知识的普及。

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on preventing birth defects in Gulou District of Nanjing City,in order to provide scientific evidence for the first-level prevention of the birth defect based on community.Methods Health education was conducted among the pregnant women who build card of perinatal health during March 2008 to July 2009 in Gulou District of Nanjing City.The questionnaire was used to investigate the knowledge,attitude and practice of birth defect prevention among the early pregnant women.The results were analyzed to find the changes of knowledge,attitude and practice of birth defect prevention before-and after-intervention,and to find the influencing factors of intervention effect.Results There was significant promotion（t=58.50,P0.001） on total score of knowledge of birth defect prevention among the early pregnant women after the intervention（34.43±3.10） than that before the intervention（29.56±4.77）.There were 20 questions whose accuracy were significantly increased.Age,degree of education,occupation,income of family affected the intervention of birth defects significantly（all P0.05）.The older pregnant women knew more knowledge than the younger.The pregnant women with bachelor and above degree knew more knowledge than those who with middle school and below.The pregnant women whose occupations were medical staff knew more knowledge than workers.The pregnant women whose family per capita income were 1 000 yuan and above,2 000 yuan and above,3 000 yuan and above,4 000 yuan and above,5 000 yuan and above knew more knowledge than those of less than 1 000 yuan.Conclusions The knowledge,attitude and practice of birth defect prevention among the early pregnant women were improved after intervention of health education.The childbearing-age women whose education degree and income of family were low should be given more attention.