深圳市社区居民病毒性肝炎知识、态度和行为的流行病学调查

A cross-sectional survey on knowledge,attitude,practice of viral hepatitis among Shenzhen community residents

目的了解深圳社区居民对病毒性肝炎,尤其是乙肝传播、危害等相关知识的知晓率及对待乙肝感染者的态度和行为,为当地制定相关健康教育策略提供依据。方法采用流行病学现况调查方法,随机抽取深圳市15～59岁的社区居民1 544名,采用自填式问卷调查获取居民病毒性肝炎知识、态度、行为信息进行分析。结果绝大多数调查对象表示听说过甲肝(71.9%)和乙肝(91.5%),而听说过丙肝(36.6%)、丁肝(20.7%)和戊肝(18.0%)的则相对较少;仅有不到一半调查对象了解乙肝的传播途径(45.0%),但一半以上的调查对象知道可以通过疫苗接种来预防甲肝(56.9%)和乙肝(75.6%);大部分的调查对象害怕与乙肝感染者近距离接触,有30.0%和27.1%的乙肝感染者遭遇过被人远离或升学就业的困难。结论应以社区为单位,长期、持续开展形式多样的健康教育活动,提高社区人群,尤其是流动人群对病毒性肝炎的传播、预防等相关知识的认知水平,从根本上消除"乙肝恐惧"和"乙肝歧视"现象。

Objective To investigate the knowledge,attitude and practice（KAP）of hepatitis B among community residents,so as to provide evidences for making health education strategies.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in community-based population aged from 15 to 59 years by random sampling methods.The selected individuals were requested to fill a questionnaire about KAP of viral hepatitis.Results 71.9% and 91.5% of investigated individuals had heard hepatitis A and B,respectively,while less people had heard hepatitis C,D,or E（36.6%,20.7% and 18.0%,respectively）.Only 45.0% of sample population knew the transmission routes of hepatitis C.However,56.9% and 75.6% of sample population were clear that vaccination could prevent hepatitis A and B,respectively.Most people were afraid to have close physical contacts with hepatitis B carriers,and some of these carriers had experiences of being alienated（30.0%） or being rejected to schools（27.1%）.Conclusions Community-based health education about dissemination and prevention of viral hepatitis was suggested to be performed in multiple ways and for a long period.The education was supposed to increase the knowledge level of community residents,especially migrant population,and to eliminate phenomena of ＂hepatitis B fear＂ and ＂hepatitis B discrimination＂.