我国采矿权的法律属性及其反思

The Legal Attribution of the Mining Right in China and Some Reflection on It

我国采矿权既具有物权属性又具有行政权属性,其原因是采矿权受到行政权的过度干预。采矿权本来是一项民事权利,但在我国,其产生完全受制于行政权。我国将开采矿产资源的民事权利(采矿权)与政府对矿产资源开采的管制(行政许可)混为一团,行政许可兼负了创立民事权利的职责。要解决这个问题,就要分清国家作为矿产资源所有者与作为矿产资源开采管理者的身份,将国家让与采矿权的民事行为与国家对企业开采矿产资源的行政许可行为分开。

The mining right in China has the attribution of real right and also administrative authority, be- cause the mining right is excessively interfered by the administrative authority. Actually, it is a sort of civil right, but in China, it is completely controlled by the administrative authority. The civil right of mining mineral re- sources （the mining right） is confused with the government control of mining mineral resources （administrative permit）. The latter of administrative permit has the additional function of creating civil right. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to draw a clear distinction between the status of the country as the owner of mineral resources and the administrator for mineral resources mining, and sort out the civil act that the country transfers the mining right from the act of administrative permit by the country to the enterprises＇ mining mineral resources.