古典戏曲中范仲淹形象流变

The Evolution of Fan Zhongyan's Image in the Classical Opera

宋代名臣范仲淹,多次出现于元明时期的戏曲作品中,集中表现为三类典型形象:贤明官员、仁德典范和风流文士。早期戏曲中的范仲淹形象和正史记载保持着相当的一致性,而入明以后又有了新的变化。导致范仲淹形象在戏曲作品中最终消失的原因在于明清时期的文化政策、士人阶层所主导的社会舆论和下层民众审美需求的导向作用。戏曲中范仲淹形象的变迁,从一个侧面反映了元杂剧阶段的古典戏曲,无论在题材还是趣味上都迥异于后世作品。

The image of Fan Zhong-yan,a generation of famous official,is repeatedly played in the Chinese opera in Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty.There are three typical images of performance,namely wise official,paragons of virtue,and romantic literati.There are a lot of consistency with Fan Zhong-yan image in early operas and in the official history,However,there are new changes in the Ming Dynasty.There are three factors that lead to the disappear of Fan Zhongyan＇s image in the classical opera such as the cultural policy of the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty,the public opinion of the literature,and aesthetic demand of the lower classes.The evolution of Fan Zhongyan＇s images in the classical opera reflect the unique nature of the Yuan-zaju in terms of subject matter or taste different from the later works.