中街山水域虾类组成及其群落多样性

Composition and Community Diversity of Shrimps in the Protected Zhongjieshan Waters

根据2010～2011年中街山列岛水域4个季节的渔业资源调查资料,分析了该水域虾类资源密度和群落多样性,并探讨了底层温度、底层盐度和水深对虾类数量分布和多样性的影响。结果表明:共有虾类20种,隶属于9科18属;广温广盐种无论在种类数还是尾数密度与生物量均占主导地位;虾类生物量和尾数密度在季节分布上,以冬季最高,冬季均与春、夏和秋三季呈显著差异(p值<0.05);平面分布上,生物量与密度指数总体上呈南北高、中间低,东部高西部低的特征;生物量与平均底温显著相关(P<0.05),与平均底盐和水深相关性较差(p值>0.05);葛氏长臂虾、细巧仿对虾、中国毛虾、日本鼓虾和中华管鞭虾为四季的优势种,且均属广温广盐种;虾类群落Margalef丰富度指数为0.61～1.09,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为0.76～1.31,Pielou均匀度指数为0.50～0.70,其中丰富度指数和多样性指数春季与冬季均存在显著差异(P<0.05),均匀度指数秋季与冬季存在显著差异(p值<0.05)。

In this paper,the resource status,community diversity and its relationship with environmental variation of shrimps were analyzed by fishery investigation from 2010 to 2011 in the waters of Zhongjieshan Islands.The results showed that there were twenty species belonging to 18 genus,9 families of shrimps.For percentage of number of species,the number abundance density and biomass,eurythermal and euryhaline species all occupied the dominant position.On seasonal distribution,both the biomass and number abundance density in winter reached the highest,and those in winter were significantly different from that in any other seasons（P0.05）.On spatial distribution,both the biomass and number abundance density in northern and southern area were higher than those in central area,and those in the eastern were higher than in the western.By correlation test,the biomass was significant related with sea bottom temperature（P0.05） but not related with sea bottom salinity and depth（P0.05）.In the waters surveyed,the dominant species including Palaemon gravieri,Parapenaeopsis tenella,Acetes chinensis,Alpheus japonicus,Solenocera crassicornis were all eurythermal and euryhaline species.The Margalef richness index（D） of shrimps was 0.61~1.09,the Shannon-Wiener diversity index（H′） was 0.76~1.31,and the Pielou evenness iddex（J′） was 0.50~0.70.Compared with four seasons,the Margalef richness index（D） and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index（H′） in spring were significant different from those in winter（P0.05）,and the Pielou evenness iddex（J′） in autumn was different from that in winter（P0.05）.