3种蛋白源替代鱼粉对褐点石斑鱼幼鱼血液指标的影响

Effects of Partial Replacement Dietary Fish Meal by Three Kinds of Protein Sources on Haematological Indices of Juvenile Epinephelus fuscoguttatus

以全鱼粉饲料为对照(D1组),用豆粕替代10%、20%的鱼粉(D2、D3组),玉米蛋白粉替代10%的鱼粉(D4组),啤酒酵母替代10%的鱼粉(D5组),配制5组等氮等能饲料,研究不同蛋白源替代饲料中的鱼粉对褐点石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)幼鱼血液生理生化指标的影响。结果发现:投喂56 d后,D5组终末体质量显著小于D1组和D2组(p<0.05),其他各组间差异不显著(p>0.05);D1组和D2组实验鱼体质量与D5组差异显著(p<0.05)。D3组血红蛋白浓度、血栓细胞密度和平均血栓细胞体积显著低于D1组(p<0.05),D4组实验鱼嗜中性粒细胞密度和巨大不成熟细胞比例显著高于D1组(p<0.05)。D3组实验鱼总蛋白含量显著低于D1、D4组(p<0.05),D3组球蛋白含量显著低于D1组(p<0.05),D3组白球蛋白比显著高于其他各组(p<0.05);D3组的血糖含量显著低于D1组(p<0.05),D2、D3、D5组的甘油三酯含量显著低于D1、D4组(p<0.05);D5组肌酐含量显著低于D1组(p<0.05)。以上结果表明,酵母蛋白替代饲料中10%的鱼粉对实验鱼的生长和生理状态均产生不良影响,不适于作为褐点石斑鱼幼鱼饲料的鱼粉替代物;玉米蛋白粉和豆粕蛋白可以作为褐点石斑鱼幼鱼饲料中鱼粉的替代物,但替代比例玉米蛋白粉不宜超过10%,而豆粕蛋白的替代比例应小于20%。

In order to study the effects of different protein sources as substitution of fish meal in formulated diet on haematological indices of juvenile Epinephelus fuscoguttatus,five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated： the protein source in group D1 was fish meal（control group）,and soybean meal was used to replace 10% and 20% fish meal in group D2 and D3,and corn gluten protein meal to replace 10% fish meal in group D4,and beer yeast meal to replace 10% fish meal in group D5.Every diet was fed to three tanks of juvenile fish for 56 days.After 56 days,the wet body mass of fishes in group D1 and D2 were significantly bigger than that in group D5（p 0.05）.The hematoglobin（HGB）,thrombocyte（THR） and mean thrombocyte volume（MTV） in group D3 were significantly lower than those in group D1（p 0.05）,and the neutrophil（NEU） and large immature cell fraction（LIC） in group D4 were significantly higher than those in group D1（p 0.05）.The total protein（TP） of group D3 was significantly lower than that of group D1 and D4（p 0.05）,and the globulin（GLB） of group D3 was significantly lower than that of group D1（p 0.05）,and the ratio of albumin to globulin of group D3 was significantly higher than that of other groups（p 0.05）.The blood sugar（BLS） of group D3 was significantly lower than that of group D1（p 0.05）,and the triglyceride（TG） of group D2,D3 and D5 were significantly lower than those of group D1 and D4（p 0.05）.The creatinine of group D5 was significantly lower than that of group D1（p 0.05）.The results indicated that beer yeast meal as substitute of 10% fish meal caused significant negative effects on growth and physiology conditions of juvenile E.fuscoguttatus,and was not a suitable fish meal substitute;Corn gluten protein and soybean meal were suitable fish meal substitutes for juvenile E.fuscoguttatus diets,but the ratio of corn gluten should not exceed over 10%,and ratio of soybean meal be less than 20%.