腾冲红花油茶果实成熟度及堆沤处理对油产量及其品质的影响

Effects of Fruit Maturity and Compost on Oil Yield and Quality of Camellia reticulate

选择38个腾冲红花油茶优株,设置八成熟采果、近生理成熟采果与及时脱粒、堆沤12 d后脱粒组合而成的4种果实采收脱粒处理,对其主要产量、品质指标进行测定和分析。结果表明:4种处理间产量、品质达极显著差异(P<0.01);果实八成熟采收导致产量严重损失,其仁油率、籽油率、果油率分别降低11.0%、18.2%和31.7%,籽油酸价亦降低10.5%而利于储存;近生理成熟采收"堆沤"处理与及时脱粒比较,其仁油率降低4.5%,而籽油酸价则提高7.3%;因此,腾冲红花油茶果实宜在生理成熟时采收并及时脱粒。研究结果为确定腾冲红花油茶果实合适采收期和采后处理方式提供了技术依据。

Fruit collection and compost trials were conducted,including four combination treatments of two fruit maturity（eighty percent matured and almost fully matured） with the fruit composted or not,by using 38 superior trees of Camellia reticulata.The oil yield and quality were tested and compared for each tree and treatment.The results showed that there existed significant differences in oil yield and quality among the four treatments,collecting the eighty percent matured fruits led to heavy loss of oil yield,and the ratio of oil in kernel,seed and fruit declined by 11.0,18.2 and 31.7 percent,respectively,while the oil acid value also deceased by 10.5 percent which was good for oil storage.After compost treatment,the matured fruits were seen that the ratio of oil in kernel declined by 4.5 percent as well as oil acid value increased by 7.3 percent.It was thus concluded that fruit should be collected when matured and seed-husking should be done as soon as possible after fruit collection.These findings will provide technical support for fruit collection and treatment of C.reticulata.