卵巢组织冷冻移植在女性生育力保存中的研究进展

Progress in researches on ovarian tissue cryopreservation-transplantation to preserve fertility of the woman

医疗技术的发展使得癌症患者的存活率越来越高,但放化疗治疗会导致女性卵巢功能早衰,出现过早绝经甚至丧失生育能力。卵巢组织冷冻保存是保存女性生育力的一种方式,甚至是有些患者唯一的生育力保存的选择。目前在世界范围已有17例婴儿是来自冷冻/解冻-移植后的卵巢组织,这给我们带来了希望,同时也带来了挑战,因为这项技术还存在一定的局限性。目前使用的冷冻方法可以保存卵巢内大量的始基卵泡,但是在移植的初期,因组织缺血缺氧会导致大量的卵泡丢失,影响了移植物的存活,缩减了卵巢组织在体内发挥功能的时间。卵巢组织移植存活程度的影响因素很多,包括移植前个体因素和基础疾病及治疗对卵巢的损伤,冷冻的损伤和移植组织块的大小,移植后血管再生情况等。这篇文章将对卵巢组织冷冻作为女性生育力保存方式的研究进展做一综述。

Thanks to improvements in anticancer treatment,the survival rate of cancer patients is increasing.This has led to a large number of female survivors with chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment-induced ovarian failure,followed by menopausal and fertility lost.In many cases,especially in minors,cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is one way to preserve fertility.It′s even the only option for some patients.Up to now,autologous transplantation of cryopreserved-thawed ovarian tissue has resulted in 17 live births,that bring us hope and challenge,for the success rate of this procedure is limited.The majority of primordial follicles survive the cryopreservation cycle,but the follicular pool is reduced severely after transplantation due to ischemic death,reducing survival time of the graft.The factors influencing Ovarian tissue survival after transplantation include individual characteristic,ovarian damaged by diseases and treatment,freezing damage,the size of tissue and the angiogenesis,etc.This paper is a review on researches about cryopreservation of ovarian tissue to preserve fertility in young female cancer patients.