论西方马克思主义的政治存在论路向

On the Political Ontology of Western Marxism

当代西方马克思主义政治存在论主要是海德格尔式的,它们基于不同的思想旨趣,把海德格尔的不同思想倾向接合到马克思政治哲学中去。詹姆逊致力于马克思主义与海德格尔政治存在论的亲和性研究;马尔库塞则借助早期海德格尔的"此在"概念,展开对无产阶级的"被抛"命运及其扬弃的阐释;阿尔都塞则围绕后期海德格尔的"让存在"境域与意蕴,型构其"偶然的唯物主义"理念。西方马克思主义政治存在论的海德格尔哲学路向,对于拓展马克思主义政治哲学的研究境域无疑具有深远的启迪意义,但是,它罔顾了海德格尔存在论哲学方法论上的先验主义与形而上学性,最终使自己陷入相同的理论困境。历史唯物主义作为政治哲学的方法论,必然构成对任何海德格尔路向的政治存在论的批判。

The political ontology of contemporary western Marxism is mainly related to Heideggerian existentialism, which means that Heidegger＇s philosophy legacy is synthesized into Marxist political philosophy. Jameson focuses on the affinity between Marxism and Heideggerian political ontology. Marcuse was preoccupied with the connections between Heidegger＇s concept of Dasein and the Marxian notion of the proletariat as the thrown collective. And Althusser worked at establishing his ＂aleatory materialism＂ based on Heidegger＇ s late idea of Gelassenheit. The Heideggerian tendency of political ontology that Western Marxists have suggested is undoubtedly of great inspiration for our deeper research on Marxist political philosophy. However,it has neglected the transcendental and metaphysical methodology of Heidegger＇s ontology, which at last makes itself fall into such fallacy. Historical materialism as a methodology of political philosophy will realize its criticism on any Heidiggerian political ontology.