善意误读的弊与功——从《管锥编》对《春秋》“五例”的解读与阐发说起

On the Interpretation of the "Five Propositions" in The Spring & Autumn Annalsand its Significance

《春秋》五例,本来是以命名的细微差异表示对事件和人物的褒贬,达到宣示作者政治伦理信仰的目的,并不是就文学的修辞和叙事而言。历来论者对五例立论指向未予细辨,诠释多欠精确。刘勰通过对五例善意的误读,赋予了新的含义,并创建了全新的文论范畴"隐",推进了中国文论民族特色的形成和强化。刘勰所说的"隐"与五例中的"微",他说的"复意"、"重旨"与《春秋》的微言大义,有性质的区别。离开文学的特性对春秋书法过度诠释,产生了消极影响,导致穿凿附会的索隐批评,是不可取的。文学批评史研究,应将本来意义的五例,与后来的"重旨"之说明确区别。

Rather than as is used in terms of literary rhetoric and narration, the ＂Five Propositions＂ of The Spring ＆ Autumn Annals are employed to express the author＇ s appraisal of events and people through the subde differences in naming so as to convey their political and ethical beliefs. In the course of its interpretation, researchers have failed to provide an in - depth examination into its line of reasoning, which has brought about inaccurate explanations. By a well - intentioned misinterpretation, Liu Xie not only endowed the ＂Five Propo- sitions＂ with fresh meanings, but also established a brand - new theoretical category, ＂implicitness＂, thus contributing to the formation and reinforcement of the national features of Chinese literary theory. There are substantial differences between Liu＇ s ＂Implicitness＂ and the ＂Obscurity＂ of the ＂Five Propositions＂, as well as between Liu＇s ＂Ambiguity＂ and ＂Insinuation＂ and the ＂Profound Meaning in an Obscure Utterance＂ in The Spring ＆ Autumn Annals. To over - interpret the Spring ＆ Autumn Annals style writing regardless of its literary features has produced negative effect and led to the eisegetical fact -searching criticism. The study of literary critical history needs to distinguish between the original meaning of the ＂Five Propositions＂ and the ＂Insinuation＂ that came about afterwards.