论“文学性”与“非文学性”

On "Literariness" and "Non-Literariness"

文学作品,当然必须具有"文学性"。但仅凭"文学性",只能判定一篇文章是不是"文学作品",尚难以判定是不是"好作品",更难以判定是不是"大作品"。在20世纪的中国文学史上,"非文学性"对"文学性"的掩抑固然伤害了文学,但如果反转过来,让"文学性"掩抑了"非文学性",同样是文学的悲哀。对于文学作品的整体价值而言,"文学性"重要,"非文学性"亦同样重要,在许多情况下抑或更为重要。上世纪90年代以来中国文学的颓落与低迷,主要原因就已不再是"文学性"的缺失,而更在于某些具有重大社会意义的"非文学性"因素的缺失。

A literary work must naturally have ＂literariness＂, of course. However, only by ＂literariness＂, one cannot judge whether or not it is a ＂literary work＂, the more difficult for him to judge whether or not it is a ＂good piece of work＂, let alone a ＂master piece＂. In 20th -century Chinese literary history, the eclipse of ＂literariness＂ by ＂non- literariness＂ has indeed done harm to literature, yet, conversely, if ＂literariness＂ has eclipsed ＂non -literariness＂, it is too an adversity to it. For the values of literature as a whole, both ＂lit- erariness＂ and ＂non -literariness＂ are of importance at the same time while the latter is of even more importance in many cases. The main reason for the decline and downturn of Chinese literature since the 1990s lies no longer in the lack of ＂literariness＂, but in the lack of ＂non- literariness＂ in certain momentum of social significance.